The Borzoi College Reader, Seventh Edition Essay

The Borzoi College Reader, Seventh Edition - Essay Example As matter of fact, the multiple reasons of immigration, assumed to be as many as the immigrants themselves, fall under similar themes that determine the immigrant’s life and how they are treated by the natives. Poverty has triggered a significant percentage of immigration. The poor move from places with low endowment of resource to seek better life’s in other places. However, no matter how promising these new places are, they don’t guarantee immigrants full satisfaction. Immigrants have continued to live filthy lives despite being in high status location. Mankind has developed a capitalistic nature, with every individual struggling to maximize his self-satisfaction. Literally, no one cares about the immigrants but instead take advantage of their vulnerability to attain self-development. Native humiliate immigrants; enslave them following the fact that, they are their financial supporters. This mistreatment corrupts he immigrants mind, creating a negative attitude towards the new environment. Racism in US has evolved, developed and even worsened due to immigration of black Africans to the whites’ territories in search for better hosting. The intercultural interaction br ings confusion, the definition of satisfaction is altered and hence most immigrants have remained in these cruel and anti-social environments so long as they receive some financial compensation. Good life, fair treatment and kindness and other social norms are no longer a priority and immigrants adapt cruelty. To quote â€Å"if we lived in Canada we could play outdoors every day in the sun†¦ sun is bad for you. Everything our parents said was good is bad†(298). Regions differ, socially and economically. Economic and social reasons significantly influence immigration. People move to acquire better healthcare, better education, and access auxiliary services as well security. The impact is

Erikson’s Time Line Essay Example for Free

Erikson’s Time Line Essay The aspect of psychology mainly studies the behavioral characteristics and personality of each individual in relation to their motivation, actual manifestations in terms of their actions, traits, perception, reasoning and others. In this concern, the science of psychology uses numerous approaches and concepts in its exploration of the human field in disseminating and explaining the significant and influential factors to the development of individuality and personality complex. Relative to the actual concern, the field of psychology also take the backward approach wherein it explains the background of each action and decision of each individual influential to their arrival to that certain point including the relationship of previous experiences, childhood factors, and other relevant issues. However, influential in the general pursuit of the study of psychology is the approach of gradually exploring the human development through disseminating the person’s life into progressive stages. In this concern, the concept of Erikson’s time line becomes a significant concept offering understanding towards a person’s personality and behavior. According to Erikson’s time line, each individual passes through each life-stage virtues as he or she age in life wherein the person’s behavior and personality develop as he or she contemplates over specific stage contrast. In each stage, a person must assess two different virtues relative to the age and level of his or her life determining how the person mature towards reaching the next level and proceed through life development. On assessing the personal journey of the author of this paper based on this time line, it likely appears that this author is within the fidelity stage wherein he is dominantly contemplating with the concept of identity and role confusion. In this particular stage, the person is still determining the path of which to pursue in life relative to the determination of his or her dominant identity on social and career matters. This is largely true in the author of this paper of which, he is still experimenting and deciding on the path of his passion, motivation, and determination. Mostly, the pressure of determining the person’s life conclusion gives the most hindrance in this stage of which is likewise true for the author of this paper. In addition, the challenge of finding the suitable and effective model from which to relate ones decision in this stage is also a crucial matter towards conquering this stage. Indeed, the author of this paper is within this stage of choosing the best position and the proper direction for his life which will likely determine his career and maturity development into becoming a successful adult in the future. Bibliography Dr. Boeree, C. George (2006). Erik Erikson. Personality Theories. http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/erikson.html. May 3, 2008

Essay --

Liselle Mason is in trouble four weeks she ignored the changes in her body and tried to forget her recent relationship with Oscar Price., her moody classmate at Buford high but when Lissele’s clothes stop fitting, and her brother notices her growing belly , she panics because she doesn’t know what she is going to do and how she is going to tell her mother that she’s pregnant all she does is hide it for four months and act like nothing is wrong until at lunch one afternoon Liselle got so lightheaded and fainted because she was either dehydrated or didn’t eat . But the problem was she did not because she was to stubborn and shocked to really commit and say that she is pregnant she was rushed to the clinic and the nurse said to her and her mother â€Å"honey? you were hungry you did not eat here? Drink some water and have some crackers† her mother replied saying â€Å" It’s ok honey we are going to get to the bottom of this and find out wh y are you like this or what cause this† Liselle replied saying â€Å"NO mom it’s fine I’m ok seriously I’m just tired and need some sleep I’ll be better in the ...

African Americans jazz Essay

Many believe that jazz is a music that African Americans played together with the Creole musicians during the 19th century in New Orleans, Louisiana in United States that bind the race together, black and white Americans. This is also considered as the ancient and most distinguished musical genres in North America and known as â€Å"America’s classical music. † Based from the quote of Gerald Early, a lecturer and a writer of African – American studies, he emphasizes that America will be known from three things: in the Constitution, sports (baseball), and in jazz music, since these are the most captivating things that they developed. Jazz is a type of lyricism that reflects on the Great American promise and expresses hope for freedom in slavery. It is also illustrated by the exceptional attribute of collective improvisation and should be performed with the right feelings about it. According to Louis Armstrong if you will ask, you’ll never know. He discovers the secret behind the jazz music, that’s why he became known as one of the successful musicians and leading stars in the whole world. The early jazz musicians create a great impact to the life of many as they change their point of view towards music. Although, jazz music is originated from the black, who are considered outsider but living in America, wherein they use this as a passage to be accepted in the society, still America truly owns this music. I prove it accurate because the New Orleans jazz musicians improve, develop, and patronize this music until the whole world has known it. One more thing, jazz has a big role to the history of America. This music becomes the expression of freedom because way back in 1970, it played a major role in the life of African American culture. Their longing for freedom is emphasized as they sing. I also believe that jazz eliminates the discrimination between the white and black people, that’s why I strongly agree that jazz belongs to America because the whole history of this country is the song itself. The history of jazz is deeply rooted in America and until now the musical tradition lives here. Works Cited The Importance of Jazz in American Culture | Jazz & More† http://jazz. learnhub. com/lesson/6809-the-importance-of-jazz-in-american-culture#ixzz0ESyZePQV&A The Importance of Jazz in American Culture http://jazz. learnhub. com/lesson/6809-the-importance-of-jazz-in-american- culture#ixzz0ET3vi6Uc&A A History of Jazz http://www. historyjazz. com/ The History of Jazz Music http://meltingpot. fortunecity. com/zaire/721/introframe. htm Jazz Music http://www. smallsjazz. com/

Issues Facing Prison Service

I consider the major challenges facing the prison service over the next 5 years, are preventing the introduction of drugs into prisons and managing prisoners with drug problems. Drug finds in prison doubled over the last 5 years, i. e. approximately 6 drugs finds per day in Scottish Prisons. 69% of the prison population report drug use compared to 8% in the community. Research has identified defined routes into prison. The main routes being visits, mail, prisoners on admission, over the wall, prison staff and concealed in clothing sent in.These routes are organised and concealed by individuals using illicit mobile phones, which are free from monitoring and provide real time direction. The prison service has the difficult task of allowing prisoners’ access to their families in decent humane surroundings, whilst at the same time preventing the introduction of drugs into the prison. Some prisoners` apply pressure on their friends and family to introduce drugs at visits; this may be done reluctantly and has serious consequences for the drug mule if he or she is caught.Basic tools such as observation, intelligence, CCTV out with the visit area and x-ray equipment can disrupt this practice, however, is not wholly effective. Items concealed in mail and include clothing sent in through the postal service, are well known to prison staff who routinely x-ray all items. This practice is risky for the small amount of drugs that can be concealed in these items. The searching constraints on prisoners on reception from court who have drugs concealed in body orifices is a difficult practice to tackle and can involve sizeable amounts of drugs being brought in through this route.Packages thrown over prison walls during exercise periods have become a profitable route of introduction. Prison staffs are advised not to intervene during this highly populated and sensitive period, but to monitor and deal with the recipients after the event; this allows the package to be secreted before intervention. Corrupt prison staff, for a variety of reasons i. e. debt, pressure or blackmail, introduce drugs, money mobile phones etc into the prisons. This relatively safe route is extremely problematic as the quantities involved are dependent on the reasons, nerve and desire of the corrupt staff member.For those participating in drug use in prison, there is a financial and health cost. Limited supply and high demand result in inflated prices. The debt incurred is paid for through a variety of means i. e. through canteen purchases, payments from families outside, selling or trading their own belongings or trading services i. e. inflicting violence on a nominated individual or acting as a drug runner, collecting debts or distributing drugs. The health costs are those associated with drug use i. e. lood-borne viruses from sharing equipment, anxiety, depression, paranoia, weight loss and malnutrition. Reducing drug introduction and managing drug users, are different sides o f the same coin and cannot work in isolation. These drug markets are associated with violence and intimidation, continued drug use in prison will increase the chances of dependent drug use when released. It is generally regarded that the take-up of treatment services in prison is correlated to the availability of drugs within the area.Increased security measures without adequate drug treatment programmes could be problematic. A robust clinical person centred detoxification scheme coupled with investment in a Counselling, Assessment, Referral, Advice and Throughcare service (CARAT) have shown to have a positive impact in drug use reduction. Drug free blocks, coupled with voluntary drug testing, have also shown to significantly reduce drug use amongst the population. Enhanced regimes which include employment and greater privileges have also proven successful.My recommendations to reduce the introduction of drugs into prisons and to manage prisoners with drug problems are as follows; * Nominate a Drug Strategy co-ordinator whose key role is to give equal weight to drug treatment and supply reduction measures within the establishment. * Have dedicated Drug Supply Reduction Teams. Motivated teams produce better results than less interested teams. * Improved liaison with local police, important for tackling all routes of external supply and should be included in the local prison drug strategy. Established prisons should move the prisoners to exercise areas away from prison walls. New builds should be designed to protect the exercise yard away from prison walls. * Security in and around the visit areas should be enhanced by the use of passive drug dogs, on site CCTV and trained motivated dedicated Drug Supply Reduction Teams. * Literature for visitors and prisoners on the impact, consequences and penalties of drug use and supply should be displayed and available for perusal. Passive drug dogs should be used in the searching of prisoner’s property, mail and acc ommodation area as a matter of course. * Cultivate a greater awareness amongst staff of the use and importance of intelligence reporting and feeding this into the National Intelligence Model. * Where possible block mobile phone signals, however the use of the Body Orifice Scanner System (BOSS) Chair should be used in all searches to detect plastic and metal. Identification and tracking of vulnerable staff should be addressed by the Drug Strategy Co-ordinator in collaboration with local police. * All prisons should have a person centred clinical detoxification scheme with recognition of the potential for misdirection and misuse of prescribed intervention. * Follow up and aftercare is as important as pharmaceutical detoxification, CARAT services with investment in staff is crucial to the effectiveness of work undertaken. Links and referral to Throughcare Addiction Services (TAS) will ensure continuity of treatment and care on release. Voluntary Testing Programmes provide support and i ncentives for drug users to remain drug free, resources should be allocated to continue the service. With skilful co-ordinated intervention, the reduction in drugs being introduced into prison will result in an increase in drug users seeking intervention. The challenge is to constantly review and adapt strategies to block new routes of introduction and to offer alternatives and support to those who wish to remain drug free.

United States Essay Example

United States Essay Example United States Essay United States Essay The United States enacted an embargo on Cuba in 1960; cutting off all ties with Cuba in an attempt to overthrow Fidel Castro. President Eisenhower ordered a complete stoppage of United States exports to Cuba The United States policy on Cuba proved counter-productive and negatively impacted the Cuban citizens. The embargo moved Cuba towards an oppressive government and helped Castro justify his oppression. The United States intended for the embargo against Cuba to further benefit Cuba as a country and lead Cuba more towards a democratic government.Instead this embargo forced Cuba towards a more communist government causing much more destruction than anticipated by the United States. President Eisenhower developed a plan to overthrow the Cuban President, Fidel Castro, when he determined the embargo ineffective. President Eisenhower disclosed his intention to eliminate Castro by either armed force or assassination. The tension between the United States and Cuba heightened when it became known that President Eisenhower planned to overthrow Fidel Castro. The United States entered into Southern Cuba to takeover the government by armed force.This invasion came to be known as the Bay of Pigs. The Cuban government was unaware of the exact date the exile force would land but Castro expected the imminent attack. The Bay of Pigs Invasion happened on April 17 through the 19 in 1961. A United States ship carrying all the weapons and ammunition intended for the invasion, sunk on the first day. The unsuccessful Bay of Pigs Invasion created more hostility between the United States and Cuba. After the Bay of Pigs invasion the United States pressured its allies to reduce their commerce with Cuba, in hopes of forcing Castro into submission.The Bay of Pigs Fiasco primarily caused the Soviet Union’s involvement with Cuba. The United States’ inability to make decisive decisions regarding government policies with Cuba encouraged the Soviet Union to exert more power over Cuba. The United States failure to decisively act led the Soviets to believe that their country’s economic and military involvement with Cuba would not endanger United States and Soviet relations. â€Å"The single most important event encouraging and accelerating Soviet involvement in Cuba was the Bay of Pigs Invasion. Some of Castro’s advisors wrote that he openly traded United States dominance for Soviet dominance. The embargo on Cuba significantly damaged the Cuban citizens. The embargo restricted Cubans from traveling to the United States and limited the number of United States citizens allowed to enter into Cuba. The embargo considerably impacted Cuban’s daily lives including access to basic needs such as food, health care and education. The embargo also resulted in political oppression. Nancy Pelosi reiterated this when she argued against House Resolution 927.Ms. Pelosi stated, â€Å" H. R. 927 tightens the embargo against Cuba- an embargo which has only resulted in inadequate access to medicine, to food, to healthcare, to education, and to development, for the Cuban people. It has not had an impact on Castro. It has not contributed to an open society. It has not opened any doors to freedom. † The embargo on Cuba negatively affected the daily lives of the Cuban people. The Cuban people suffered because of the embargo that ultimately provided no sizeable gain for the United States.The United States failed to overthrow Fidel Castro but continued to impose the embargo that caused pain and destruction for the Cuban citizens. Castro’s willingness to accept Soviet domination allowed Cuba to rely on the Soviets for economic support. Prior to the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, Cuba relied heavily on the Soviet’s for the majority of their imported food. When the Soviet Union fell, Cuba lost billions of dollars in economic aid. The United States knew of Cuba’s dire economic state resulting from the fall of t he Soviet Union.Yet, the United States continued ignoring the desperate state of the Cuban people hoping that the depravity of food would force a citizen revolt against Fidel Castro. The United States used food as a weapon instead of lifting the embargo and providing the aid the Cuban society desperately needed. During a subcommittee meeting about consumer affairs, Stephen Weber president of the Maryland Farm Bureau stated, â€Å" We support immediate resumption of normal trading relations with Cuba†¦ In short, food should not be used as a weapon†¦U. S. rade policy has demonstrated that more than forty years of isolationism has failed to produce a democratic reform. † The United States failed to act and in consequently the Cuban people suffered not Castro. The United States should have allowed the importation of wheat and corn in to Cuba. Helping the Cubans would have had no damaging consequences for the United States. In 1961 the Cuban government embarked on a camp aign to eradicate illiteracy. Cuba, once one of the most literate countries in the world, slowly lost their prominent lead in their advancing education system.Teacher shortages in Cuban schools made the educational process difficult. The students lacked updated books with the newly accepted ideas. Had the United States lifted the embargo on Cuba, the access to the educational tools available in the United States would have further benefited the country. Students from the United States are finding that it is extremely difficult for them to get a license to travel to Cuba for educational purposes. Cuban’s are not allowed to travel to the United States thus making it extremely difficult for them to gain intellectual freedom.The embargo limits the knowledge and growth of education between Americans and Cubans. The embargo made it almost impossible for Cubans to broaden their horizons and become familiarly with the new advances in science and technology. There is little freedom of expression in Cuba because the government controls the media. Cubans are in danger of imprisonment if they speak out against the government. The Cuban constitution allows citizens freedom of speech as long as it adheres to the objectives of a socialist society.Dissidents are prohibited from voicing their opinion about the government. If Cubans tried pursuing their individual rights imprisonment would result. Public disorder or alarming the citizens of the rights Cubans lack resulted in imprisonment. Fidel Castro justified the oppression of the Cuban citizens by declaring that any dissent against the Cuban government actually supported the United States in their attempt to overthrow Castro. â€Å" The Cuban government’s justification for oppression can be largely encapsulated in three words: the United States. The United States continued to let the government’s harsh feelings about Castro control political decision-making instead of helping citizens and political pris oners held in violation of their basic human rights. Although many political leaders in the United States are against the embargo, the United States continued to pass legislation strengthening the embargo against Cuba. The Cuban Liberty and Solidarity Act adopted on March 6, 1996 by the United States House of Representatives intensified the United States embargo against Cuba, seeking international sanctions against Castro’s government.This resolution also proposed a plan to support a transitional democratic government for Cuba. Although this bill passed, political leaders did not agree with the sanctions placed against Cuba. One of these leaders spoke candidly about her opinions on the United States embargo against Cuba. Representative Nancy Pelosi stated, â€Å"I oppose H. R. 927 [Cuban Liberty and Democratic Solidarity Act of 1995]†¦ because the embargo has not contributed in any way to increased freedom and democratization in Cuba. Rather it has only made life hard f or the Cuban people.Fidel Castro is still in power and suffering no consequences from this embargo. The people of Cuba, however, suffer daily because of it. † The political leaders throughout the world disagreed with the United States and their position on the Cuban embargo. The United Nations, in October 1997, voted to support a nonbinding resolution encouraging the Americans to end the embargo against Cuba. One hundred and forty three countries supported this resolution, while only two voted with the United States those being, Israel and Uzbekistan. Most all of the countries in the World opposed the United States embargo on Cuba.Even with most of countries in the World encouraging the Unites States to lift the embargo, the United States stayed committed to its vendetta against Fidel Castro. On February 19 2008, Fidel Castro stepped down as President of Cuba. He renounced his title to his brother, Raul Castro. The United States should have taken******************** this as an opportunity to lift the embargo, and renew its political and economic ties with Cuba. The United States should have acknowledged and acted on the majority of the world’s opinion and should have given up its vendetta against Fidel Castro.This would have been a perfect time for the United Stated to open the doors to a more democratic society by providing aid instead of an embargo that had not produced any results except oppression of the people in the last half of century. The embargo placed on Cuba was intended to weaken the power that Fidel Castro had over Cuba and eventually force him to resign. Thus helping Cuba move towards a more democratic government. Instead the embargo on Cuba only strengthened Castro’s power and lead Cuba more towards a communist government.The embargo has stripped the Cubans of basic rights that could be available to them if the embargo was lifted. The intention was to help the Cuban people escape Castro’s reign but instead it forced t hem to endure years of hardships. United States Essay Example United States Essay United States Essay Before I came to the United States four years ago, I lived with my family in Japan. We were what you could call an average middle class family with equally average adherence to tradition.Japan, though recognized to be one of the worlds most modern cities, has an outlook that is very much rooted in the traditions.   We as children were brought up to be polite, respectful and avoid unnecessary and unpleasant confrontation.   Hard work and pride in our identity and culture as Japanese were the virtues we grew up with.My mother and widowed paternal grandmother who lived with us, were very traditional Japanese wives who stayed at home and believed that their duties lay in looking after their family. While the number of Japanese women opting for careers and joining the ranks of the employed have grown since the olden days, my mother always said taking care of us and her husband were the only roles she wanted to ever have.My father on the other hand was a true hard worker. I remember hi m getting up every 5:00 am to do his meditation before breakfast, then leave promptly by 7:30 for work.   He was also the head of the family so every now and then, a cousin or perhaps an uncle would come to our house and seek his advice over steaming cups of sake (hot rice wine). While the family system in Japan has evolved from the formerly strict family community, most Japanese families still designate and recognize heads of the family.   And though he doesnt say it out loud, I know that being the head of the family meant a great deal to my father the same way being able to provide for us through the salary he earned at his job.Coming to the United States has shown me the vast differences between Western and Oriental culture and society.   For instance, American women seem to be more independent and expressive of their opinions. The culture here is a bit louder than what I grew up with and the vast number of people of different races made me a little anxious as to how I will adjust and fit in.I think the feelings I had on first setting out for the unknown is somewhat similar to the people in the cases handled in Social Work.   While I am not saying that I fully understand how a person might feel after the shock of losing a leg or perhaps having problems brought about by age, gender or social class, I believe I have an idea of that feeling of fear of the unknown.On coming here, I left behind a place where everything was comfortable and familiar. Back home, I knew everyone and had a sense of familiarity with the daily life.   I believe losing that comfortable feeling of knowing ones surroundings and having a semblance of control over what one does would be a terrible thing to happen.For example, in the case of a man who has lived his life doing a job in which he has muchpride then suddenly finds himself handicapped and retired before he planned to do so. My father who takes so much pride in providing for his family and feeling a sense of accomplishme nt each day would probably be my best reference.   I know he would absolutely hate the feeling of helplessness that being handicapped for the first time can do.   As the patriarch of the family, this helplessness and loss of control will be very hard on him.If I were faced with a case similar to this, I would know that consolation and comfort will simply not be enough.   I must base my program on his primary need to still feel useful and have some sort of control so as to get his cooperation.It is not uncommon to come across cases where the people involved find it hard to accept modern or innovative ideas in terms of their rehabilitation.   My mother for instance, being the traditional Japanese mom that she is, will hate to be told to go out and enjoy other peoples company.   While for some people, treatment and readjustment works well in social groups like bingo or social clubs, my mother would feel very shy and that would make her even more uncomfortable.   A program t hat includes domestic work and hobbies like gardening and sewing will probably suit her more effectively.One thing Ive noticed is that very few people really like to be told what is good for them whether they are young or old.   I remember my paternal grandmother who, despite being told by doctors and family alike to stop working so hard because of her age and often achy arthritis, would still insist on sweeping the porch and doing her own laundry.   Often she would get angry if anyone of us tried to do these things for her.   She would often say I am just old, not crippled.  Ã‚  Ã‚   She experienced humble beginnings and so she learned to do things by and for herself.I believe that is something every caseworker should remember. It is sad that in some instances caseworkers just view people under their care a cases and no longer as people.   Perhaps it is when one has worked at something for so long or has become jaded that they just classify these mechanically.   I suppo se one might say that objectivity is good, but in human services, too much objectivity can also be bad.   After all, in order to serve humans, one must recognize them as such. As I have seen from my grandmother, everyone of whatever age, race or gender, would like and should be entitled to keep their dignity and independence whatever way and form they can.My analysis of my self and my family show not just one family, but rather a group of individuals with different personalities, needs, ages, priorities and reactions to various situations.Just the simple terms a caseworker must use in communicating with different personalities and cultures are different. Thus, more thought must be given in communication between the caseworker and subject.   We being of Japanese descent have a culture that is very different from the West. To effectively deal with and talk to a Japanese, one must first see where the subject has come from and that necessitates sufficient understanding of Japanese c ulture, traditions, and way of life. It doesnt have to be in Nihonggo but simple respect and showing that one is not entirely ignorant on anothers culture would be very helpful.I believe that my experience has also taught me that keeping an open mind and respect for other cultures would greatly increase my efficiency as a human service worker in the respect of designing programs for individuals of various ethnicity and age-culture.   I have learned to adapt the view that even with similar infirmities, two people of two different backgrounds may need an approach that is different from the other in order for an adjustment or rehabilitation plan to work.Adjustments that must be done to accommodate new developments such as handicap, infirmity, illness, old age, and the like, must be done in ways that are still familiar and acceptable to the case subject. Perhaps perfect agreement may not always be possible but one must always be open to compromise and listen. Otherwise, there may be a strong resistance as there often is to drastic change.   People still need to feel like they are who they were before whatever the life-changing event is in their situation.   They need to still be able to recognize and enforce their own will as individuals and that is something caseworkers should always recognize and respect.The social caseworkers job is to help people adjust to their new circumstance. Not to make it harder.   It is only when there is complete understanding of an individuals background, beliefs, culture, and the kind of life they grew up with according to the times that one can effectively design a program for rehabilitation that is suited to that individuals needs.   One simply cannot impose their view of how people should feel or react in any given event.   The very arrogant I know what is best for you, is, from the start, not at all good for anyone who is forced to listen to it.   Much as these people maybe represented as folders with case numbers i n the office, a human services case worker must never let the humanity and recognition of individual differences be defined by theoretical studies and too stringent objectivity.

Consumer Driven Health Care Essay Example

Consumer Driven Health Care Essay Example Consumer Driven Health Care Paper Consumer Driven Health Care Paper Executive Summary The issues surrounding the full adoption of consumer driven health care range from cost pressures, employer concerns and the need of effectively engaging the consumers in decision making through the provision of adequate choice and information. Until now the government has been supremely instrumental in propelling the consumer driven health care system. While the merits remain engulfed in hot debates, the fact that consumer driven health care simultaneously creates both the movement, the financial responsibility, as well as the involvement in health care choices of the consumers has created serious concerns. As the evolution moves on, all stakeholders in the health care system are going to be affected. The plans will enable the consumers to personally navigate the system and directly engage with the providers. On the other hand, the pharmaceutical sector may become educators and an intermediary consumer movement may serve to satisfy the fact that transparent information will have bec ome a necessity for health care decisions. Leveled in line with these demands, the ensuing discussion analyzes the impacts on health care in terms of costs, efficiency and effectiveness in addition to the impacts with regard to the new consumer, and the stakeholders; notably the pharmaceutical sector. Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Descriptively, consumer driven health care system allows individuals to draw from their Health Savings Accounts or their Health Reimbursement Arrangements or such similar payment products to directly   meet routine health care expenses while protection from catastrophic health expenses is guaranteed by a high deductible health insurance policy. These policies cost less as the consumer meets routine medical claims from a pre-funded spending account. Should the balance in the account run out, medicals claims are paid just like in a regular deductible. Yearly unused balances increase future balances that can be invested for future medical expenses. The term â€Å"consumer driven health care† applies because routine medical claims are paid through a consumer controlled account verses a fixed insurance benefit. This scenario allows the consumers to occupy the role of a primary decision maker as regards the nature of health care they re ceive. Patients are therefore more likely to choose less expensive options and for those with chronic conditions, the system would promote compliance to treatment regimes(Goodman 2006).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Proponents of such a health care system argue that in the long run, Americans will pay less for health care provision because of reduced monthly premiums and increases free market variability. Market variability due to the use of Health Savings Accounts fosters competition which in turn lower prices and stimulate improvements in the quality and delivery of health care services. Opponents of the system cite the fact that individuals who are less wealthy and less educated will tend to avoid the health care cost burden, when this is coupled to the inability to make informed decisions, then the result is lowered health outcomes. Additionally, since the system simply shifts the cost burden to the patients, those with chronic conditions will never be able to save anything. In the end, inequality in health care quality and delivery may reign(Gross 2007).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Basically, consumer driven health care system is a derivative of the business model for health e-commerce ventures which were designed to enable consumers of health products and services to engage more directly with the providers in making the health care purchases. In essence, consumer driven health care is geared towards giving individuals more choice in making health care decisions and to help stabilize these costs. This system is a product of the same theories that sought to capitates payments to providers. The rejection of such a prompt gave rise to the consumer driven health care system(Kovner 2008). In the initial conceptual model, cost and quality of the relevant information was made available through the internet. The primary model relied on the creation of   Health Savings Accounts(HSAs) before the inclusion of a second model; the Health Reimbursement Arrangements(HRAs) which are funded by the employers who receive tax benefits for funding such accounts(Grudzien 2006).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Impacts of Consumer Driven Health Care   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The phrasal representation â€Å"consumer driven health care† is in itself a revelation of the transformation in health care where consumers of health care services and goods are gaining more and more importance in health care industry. The consumers being the purchasers of goods and services in the health care industry suggests an existence of economic relationships between the consumers and the suppliers. The word driven implies that the supplier is going to be compelled to react according to the consumers’ demands and position as regards the provision of these goods and services. Implicitly, the complete phrase can thus be used to describe a situation where there exists a two way business interaction that is able not only to transform the health system structure but also reconfigure the health industry to engage in a competitive conduct. Such a paradigm shift in the management of health care is bound to present strong chal lenges, advantages and disadvantages.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What effect will such a system of health care have on the effectiveness and efficiency of health care provision? Currently in the United States, over $ 1 trillion dollars is spent annually on health care. Critically analyzed, this is 15% of the Gross Domestic Product and is more per capita that anything spent in other developed countries. The magnitude of the expenditure itself calls for a need a novel idea such as consumer driven health care. If such a system of health care were to be adopted, then what forces will shape the new consumer of health care services? On this basis, it is prudent to discern the effects of the key players such as employers, insurers, providers, and government entities. All these forces will only support such a system if most beneficial to them. A third scale of analysis desires that we look into the ways in which the industry is going to change. This analysis borders on the certainty of a fundamental restructuri ng of the system through a set of rules governing the new competitiveness. These structural changes will most certainly be orchestrated by the new nature of buyer-supplier relationship(Ferrari 2004). The Effect of Consumer Driven Health Care on the Efficiency and Effectiveness   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To understand the changes that may occur in the efficiency and effectiveness after the transition to consumer driven health care, it is prudent to establish the objective function which measures productivity. Generally, productivity is descriptive of the magnitude of outputs achieved for a given level of inputs. In the health care industry, the physical inputs like labor, capital and supplies should be able to achieve certain levels of health outcomes. In essence, this means that productivity will be used in providing improvements on the management or treatment of diseases since this is the fundamental production process of the health care system. However, the simplicity of the productivity measure can only be taken to be useful and sustainable if it is coupled to the variety of other societal entanglements as well as other complexities in health care provision.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Given that the current health care system in the United States is the most expensive system in the world, a comparison with other developed countries on the basis of mortality and life expectancy attests that the system is less productive. However, on the basis of four disease states (diabetes, cholelithiasis, lung cancer and breast cancer), evidence suggested that it was more productive comparative to Germany and the United Kingdom. The high costs were attributable to the high administrative costs, higher compensation of doctors and other medical personnel. Consumer driven health care poses as the most reliable option in changing features which contribute to productivity hence health outcomes. For instance, a transformation to prospective payment from cost plus system of reimbursement for health institutions. Other reimbursement plans that supremely focus on the health outcomes rather that the activity also furthers the gains(Ferrari 2004 ). Customer driven health care has the ability to create incentives for providers to adopt more efficient technologies hence increasing productivity due to the underlying market competitiveness.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Since this transformation does not in any way threaten the existence of a competitive market, the cornerstone of such a market will have to be an informed buyer who has the capacity to make an accurate judgment of the value of outputs received with reference to the level of inputs injected into the system. This would usher in an era of comparative shopping among the suppliers as well as differentially reward the suppliers who provide the best goods and services at the least cost. Moreover, the system would also allow the buyer to choose a level of productivity that is desirable and affordable and trade off other savings for needs outside the health care system. Given the nature of the transformation and the rewards consequent to the paradigm shift, it is reasonable to expect an increase in productivity, improvement in health outcomes and the improvement on the efficiency and effectiveness of the health care system(Forster 2007). Forces Shaping the New Consumer   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are two major forces that possess the potentiality of shaping the evolution and the pace of the novel system. The first force is the degree to which the buyers of health care goods and services become empowered to spend their own financial resources and making their own buying decisions. The second force is the quality of health care provision and the accessibility of the relevant information that pertains to the inputs and the outcomes in the health care process.   In the case of marginalized consumers with inadequate heath care information, there is going to a continuity of the turbulence as seen in the health care system today. Such a scenario slows down the transformation to consumer driven health care system. On the other hand, when marginalized consumers have the benefit of adequate information, the consumer as the main driving force in the system retains a marginalized role in the purchases but is also associated in the trade-offs(Herzlinger 2004). The end result is an unstable relationship among the players since consumers are well informed and possess the power to make their own decisions in seeking out productive suppliers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Empowered consumers with inadequate information may create a scenario where there is a rush for the establishment of a brand making consumers to almost completely rely on the value associated with a brand. It is on the basis of such information that consumers will make their buying decisions. With the help of interpreters, superior information may be passed to consumers or alternatively, the interpreters may broker the brand to the consumers(Ferrari 2004). However, the best scenario is when there are empowered consumers in possession of adequate information. This scenario aptly captures the spirit of the productive economic system. It implies that the market is awash with consumers buying on their own account. The existence of such a scenario itself may eliminate the need for intermediaries. Not that there is going to be a vacuum where these intermediaries had occupied but that such a space will be occupied with a different faction, for instance, it may be the marketing or sales front end of the provider entities(Herzlinger 2007). This would demonstrate the productivity of the providers(suppliers of health services) to the consumers. Alternatively, the space may be occupied with an aggregator of consumers which may leverage the consumers’ volume power in negotiating a unit price for making the buying decisions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the end, the trend towards informed consumers who are able to make their own health care purchasing decisions will lead to an unprecedented change in the nature and quality of services and goods offered. These changes are not only positive in nature as they will shift the burden of health care costs on the shoulders of individuals. Such a change greatly challenges the deeply rooted societal perspectives on the roles of democratically elected governments. The creation of new consumer oriented intermediaries may usher in another era of misguided government regulatory intervention. Assuming that such a scenario does not arise then a consumer driven health care system has the potential to move health care provision to anew level of productivity hence better health outcomes for the United States citizenry.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   On the contrary, because of these sub classifications of consumers based on empowerment and availability of information, individuals who are less educated and healthy may avoid the needed health care services due to the cost burden coupled to the ability to make well informed and appropriate health decisions. Moreover, as Jonathan Oberlander; a political scientist at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill reiterates, the system simply shifts the health care cost burden back to the patients. Patients suffering from chronic health sicknesses may not be able to afford such costs, since with a deductible of between $ 3000 to $ 4000, these patients will thus be unable to save anything in their accounts. Employers are specifically impressed because the system is beneficial to them. They will not adequately fund replenish the employees health care accounts even though they will save money(Gross 2007).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The success of the consumer driven health care is dependent on the ready access to relevant information on health services, products and pricing. Due to the absence of free market variables in the health care industry, the lack of transparency will saddle consumers with additional expenses. This means that despite the theory that health insurance based on higher deductibles results in consumers shopping around for better products and services(based on quality and price), the inadequacy of such pertinent information practically goes against the attainment of benefits in a consumer driven health care model(Shearer 2007). Impacts on the Pharmaceutical Industry Currently the pharmaceutical industry has been shouldering the blame for the double digit increase in health care costs. Between the year 2001-2002, the consumer price index for health care increased by 4.4% while the industry index grew by 5.5%. A simple analysis of these percentages shows that the industry can only account for all the increase in the event that all other health care components shrunk. These statistics aside, the expenditure pent on informing consumers; $ 2.8 billion and a further $ 13.2 billion on informing doctors invariably increase the costs of health care in the long run. Therefore, unless new products are distributed for consumption without additional costs from these activities of pharmaceutical industries, the health care costs will continue to be high(Herzlinger 2004). Consumer driven health care has the potential of eliminating these costs hence advancing quality health care at lower costs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Health care markets are extremely sensitive to the presence of a market power. Medical device companies and pharmaceutical companies retain monopoly over devices and drugs for a considerably long period of time due to the patent laws. It is during this period before the expiry of the monopoly period that these companies earn monopoly rents, in effect leading to higher drug pricing. This is unlike the traditional neoclassical supply curve(Jost 2007). This trend will be reversed as consumers will be looking out for cheap but equally effective therapeutic alternatives, hence bringing the prices down in the long run.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   With the death of the intermediary between the suppliers and the consumers, the pharmaceutical industry has started to align itself with the consumer of its products through direct to consumer advertising. This has only become necessary after the FDA lifted restrictions on direct to consumer advertising. This move has been viewed by many as a gap that allows the pharmaceutical companies to foist their drugs on the gullible public in the name of providing pertinent drug information. Moreover, the use of billions of dollars in advertising only increases the overall costs of the drugs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   On the other hand, there are those who view direct to consumer advertising as being revolutionary and instrumental in promoting consumer involvement. Such an exposure of drugs to consumers acts as an educational tool and helps the consumers to be more informed in making decisions in health care. Apart from getting information direct from the pharmaceutical companies, information technology is increasing consumer empowerment making them seek high quality but less expensive choices(Mason et al 2007). Therefore, even though the pharmaceutical companies bypassed the physicians and moved directly to the consumer in advertising and promotion, consumer empowerment means that the era in which the extra expenditures were passed onto the consumers will be long gone. Such an eventuality will stimulate a dramatic restructuring of the industry. Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The potential of a consumer driven health care system to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the quality and delivery of health care are huge. However, the fact that access to health care is hinged on the ready access to relevant information remains the main obstacle in the realization of the full benefits. Health care and market forces are mutually exclusive. The existence of a competitive market; the cornerstone of which is an informed buyer increases the capacity of the buyer to make an accurate judgment of the value of outputs received with reference to the level of inputs injected into the system. So long as information is easily and cheaply accessible and transparency in the health care industry is promoted, the system may well be the answer to age old failures of the current most popular health care system. By putting insurance money under the complete control of the patients themselves, giving the employers cost relief, and eliminating the intermediary in the doctor-patient relationship, the system will undoubtedly achieve its health outcomes. References Ferrari, T. Bernard. (2004). Where Will Consumer Driven Health Care Take the Health Care   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   System. In Consumer-driven Health Care: Implications for Providers, Payers, and   Ã‚  Ã‚   Policymakers. Regina E. Herzlinger(Eds). John Wiley and Sons. p. 399-403 Forster, R. (2007). Market Forces and Health Care are Mutually Exclusive. Intelligently    Connecting Institutions and Expertise. Gerson Lehrman Group. Goodman, John (2006), Consumer Driven Health Care, Networks Financial Institute Policy   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Brief, Indiana State University Gross, T. (2007). Fresh Air from WHYY, July 9, 2007. Diagnosing U.S. Health Care and Sicko,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Too. Terry Gross interviewing Jonathan Oberlander, associate professor, University of   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Grudzien, L. (2006). Can Consumer Driven Health Care, Health Reimbursement Arrangements   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   and Health Savings Accounts Save Employer Sponsored Health Care Reform From Ruin.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Benefit Express. Herzlinger, Regina. (2007).   Who Killed Health Care? Americas $2 Trillion Medical Problem   Ã‚  Ã‚   and the Consumer-Driven Cure. McGraw-Hill Press. Herzlinger, Regina E. (2004). Consumer-Driven Health Care: Implications for Providers,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Payers, and Policymakers. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers. Jost, S. T. (2007). Health care at risk: a critique of the consumer-driven movement. Duke   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   University Press. Kovner, R. A., Knickman, J., Jonas, S. (2008).   Jonas and Kovners Health Care Delivery in    the United States. Springer Publishing Company. Mason, J.D., Leavitt, K. J., Chaffee, W. M. (2007). Policy politics in nursing and health care.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Elsevier Health Sciences. Shearer, G. (2007). Testimony of Gail Shearer, Director, Health Policy Analysis, Washington   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Office, Consumers Union before the Joint Economic Committee, on Impact of   Ã‚   Consumer-Driven Health Care on Consumers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   consumersunion.org/pub/0225JECTestimonyNoSummary.pdf.

The 12 Days of Christmas in Spanish

The 12 Days of Christmas in Spanish Here are Spanish lyrics for The 12 Days of Christmas, a carol that has been sung in the English-speaking world since at least the 16th century. Los 12 das de Navidad El primer dà ­a de Navidad, mi amor me mandà ³una perdiz picando peras del peral. El segundo dà ­a de Navidad, mi amor me mandà ³dos tortolitas y una perdiz picando peras del peral. El tercer dà ­a de Navidad, mi amor me mandà ³tres gallinitas, dos tortolitas y una perdiz picando peras del peral. El cuarto dà ­a de Navidad, mi amor me mandà ³cuatro pajaritos, tres gallinitas, dos tortolitas y una perdiz picando peras del peral. El quinto dà ­a de Navidad, mi amor me mandà ³cinco anillos dorados, cuatro pajaritos, tres gallinitas, dos tortolitas y una perdiz picando peras del peral. El sexto dà ­a de Navidad, mi amor me mandà ³seis mam gansas, cinco anillos dorados, cuatro pajaritos, tres gallinitas, dos tortolitas y una perdiz picando peras del peral. El sà ©ptimo dà ­a de Navidad, mi amor me mandà ³siete cisnitos, seis mam gansas, cinco anillos dorados, cuatro pajaritos, tres gallinitas, dos tortolitas y una perdiz picando peras del peral. El octavo dà ­a de Navidad, mi amor me mandà ³ocho lecheritas, siete cisnitos, seis mam gansas, cinco anillos dorados, cuatro pajaritos, tres gallinitas, dos tortolitas y una perdiz picando peras del peral. El noveno dà ­a de Navidad, mi amor me mandà ³nueve bailarinas, ocho lecheritas, siete cisnitos, seis mam gansas, cinco anillos dorados, cuatro pajaritos, tres gallinitas, dos tortolitas y una perdiz picando peras del peral. El dà ©cimo dà ­a de Navidad, mi amor me mandà ³diez seà ±ores saltando, nueve bailarinas, ocho lecheritas, siete cisnitos, seis mam gansas, cinco anillos dorados, cuatro pajaritos, tres gallinitas, dos tortolitas y una perdiz picando peras del peral. El undà ©cimo dà ­a de Navidad, mi amor me mandà ³once gaiteritos, diez seà ±ores saltando, nueve bailarinas, ocho lecheritas, siete cisnitos, seis mam gansas, cinco anillos dorados, cuatro pajaritos, tres gallinitas, dos tortolitas y una perdiz picando peras del peral. El duodà ©cimo dà ­a de Navidad, mi amor me mandà ³doce tamborileros, once gaiteritos, diez seà ±ores saltando, nueve bailarinas, ocho lecheritas, siete cisnitos, seis mam gansas, cinco anillos dorados, cuatro pajaritos, tres gallinitas, dos tortolitas y una perdiz picando peras del peral. Grammar and Vocabulary Notes Primer, segundo, tercer, etc.:  These are the words for  first, second, third, etc.  Primer  is a  shortened form  of  primero, and  tercer  is a shortened form of  tercero. They are shortened in this manner when appearing before a singular masculine noun. The forms used here for 11th and 12th are not common in spoken in Spanish. Dà ­a:  Dà ­a, meaning day, is an  exception  to the rule that nouns ending in  -a  are masculine. Navidad: This word can refer not only to Christmas Day but also to the season in general. Amor:  This is the word for love. It can refer not only to the emotion, but also to a person such as a sweetheart. It is related to the verb  amar. The noun  remains masculine even when it refers to a girl or woman. Mandà ³:  Mandà ³Ã‚  is a past-tense form of  mandar, which most often means to mandate or to order, but in this case means to send. Perdiz:  A partridge or ptarmigan. Picando:  This is  present participle  of  picar, which can mean to bite or to peck at. So a literal translation of this line would be a partridge pecking at pears of the pear tree. Note that here  the present participle functions as an adjective. In standard Spanish, the present participle acts as an adverb, but adjectival use such as this is sometimes used in poetry, journalistic writing, and translations from English. Pera, peral:  Pear, pear tree. The  suffix  -al  often refers to a tree or grove of trees. For example, an orange is a  naranja, while an orange grove is a  naranjal. Tortolita:  A name for numerous types of doves and related birds. Tortolita is a diminutive form of tà ³rtola, which can also refer to a turtledove. Diminutives such as this, while common in childrens music and literature, are not used extensively in serious contexts. Gallinita:  A  diminutive  form of  gallina, meaning hen.  Ã‚  A rooster is a  gallo. Pajarito:  A  diminutive  form of  pjaro, meaning bird. This could be translated as birdie. Anillo:  A ring. Dorado:  Golden. The word comes from ​dorar.  a verb that means to coat something with gold or to turn something brown. The word for gold is oro. Mam gansas:  About the only place youll find this phrase in Spanish is in this song - it means mother geese, but you normally wouldnt say it this way (one way would be  gansas madre).  Mam Gansa  and  Mam Ganso, however, are common ways of translating Mother Goose. Cisnito:  A  diminutive  form of  cisne, swan. Lecherita:  A  lechera  is a female who works with milk, usually someone who sells milk, but in context it could be one who milks cows.  Lecherita  is a  diminutive  form. Bailarina:  A female dancer, frequently referring to a ballet dancer. It is derived from bailar, the verb meaning to dance. Seà ±or:  Although this word is often used nowadays as a courtesy title translated as Mr., it can also refer to a lord.   Saltando:  The  present participle  of  saltar, to jump. Gaiterito:  A  diminutive  form of  gaitero, a piper. The related word gaita can refer to instruments such as flutes and bagpipes. Tamborilero:  A drummer. The related words tambor and tambora can also be used to refer to drums and drummers.

Environmental Pressures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Environmental Pressures - Essay Example As such, it is the hope of this author that by enumerating upon and elaborating with regards to the extent and level of change that these pressures entail, the reader will come to a more informed understanding of how human resources departments within the system can work to ameliorate these pressures. In this way figure 1.0 below describes these six pressures within terms of whether they are organizational in nature or environmental. Additionally, in the left-hand column, these pressures have been ranked according to the overall risk for change that this author believes that exhibit. This ranking scales from one, relatively low risk to three, relatively high risk. Figure 1.0 Organizational Environmental    Management Changes Competitor Threat Changes 3 Personnel Changes Governmental Regulations Changes 2 Internal Reporting Changes Technological Changes 1 With regards to the most potential risk and pressure, the reader can and should integrate with the understanding that management changes portend a great level of change for any organization. This level of management change not only portends pressures with regards to how workflows accomplish, but can affect the bottom line of whatever firm or organization it integrates with. This is of course due to the fact that different metrics and milestones will be exhibited by different managers. In such a way, the employees and stakeholders which must incorporate these changes will necessarily experience a certain loss of efficiency and utility during the transitional period; reflecting negatively on the overall financial strength and solidity of the organization (Hsu et al, 2010). Further down the list, individual personnel changes can affect the way in which workflow is accomplished and can place organizational pressures upon individuals that are tangentially related to whatever personnel changes have been affected. Likewise, personnel changes also have a profound impact upon the way in which financial stability is re cognized within the entity. Due to the fact that a change in workflow is necessarily demanded by personnel changes, a level of utility not dissimilar to the loss of utility mentioned with regards to management changes is realized within the organization. Similarly, internal reporting changes can place a level of pressure on the organization with regards to a new level of standardization and skill sets that are required of individual employees as compared previously. As can be seen from the above figure, the level and extent to which this pressure threatens the organization is relatively low compared to the others which have already been mentioned. Likewise, with regards to the environmental changes, the threat from outside competition necessarily ranks highest. Due to the fact that this threat is one which ultimately cannot be anticipated, it is the responsibility of human resources assets within the firm in question to seek to ameliorate this threat by ensuring that the firm and it s employees are able to integrate with current market needs and maximize efficiency and utility at each and every juncture. In such a way, the financial threat that this particular pressure implies can be massive. Due to the fact that environmental change of this magnitude can undercut the ability of a given entity to generate profits, this is necessarily been ranked as the most dangerous and powerful of the three environmental pressures listed. Following the list

Ratio Analysis Math Problem Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ratio Analysis - Math Problem Example Ratio analysis further simplifies the information and allows for a longitudinal and cross sectional analysis of an organization’s performance. I, in this paper, perform ratio analysis of IBM financial statements for the accounting period ending in the years 2010, 2011, and 2012, and discuss the computed ratios. Accounting ratios Ratio analysis compares different income statement and balance sheet items to determine liquidity, advantage, activity, profitability, and growth potentials. The following is a summary of applied formulae for computing different ratios. ... The following table summarizes major ratios for the company over the three accounting periods based on the above formulae. Table 1: Computed ratios for IBM for the years ended 2010, 2011, and 2012 Ratio 2010 2011 2012 Current ratio 1.18623342 1.2090307 1.13313467 Quick ratio 0.52857354 1.02281414 0.98846991 Debt to total assets ratio 0.79574622 0.82620048 0.84075562 Debt to equity ratio 3.91733923 4.77688946 5.31436903 Long term debt to equity ratio 0.94793023 1.13501837 1.27720042 Times interest earned 52.5951087 50.0997567 46.7167756 Inventory turnover 21.982449 22.5220151 22.2077018 Fixed assets turnover 1.52856006 1.52461644 1.49766409 Total assets turnover 0.88028417 0.85774652 0.87664097 Gross profit margin 46.07% 46.89% 48.13% Operating profit margin 18.17% 18.97% 19.56% Net profit margin 14.85% 14.83% 15.89 Return on assets 17.06% 17.69% 17.99% Return on share holder’s equity 83.98% 102.25% 113.70% (Data source: IBM annual reports for the years 2010 and 2011) Discussio n The company enjoys high liquidity ratios and this indicates its ability to meet its short-term objectives. Its current ratios are good and indicate stability as they fluctuate above one over the three years. Even though the acid-test ratio was low in the year 2010, it improved in 2011 and the slight decrease in 2012 does not induce much threat. IBM however has significantly high ‘leverage’ ratios and this indicates its vulnerability to risks of credit capital. Even though the debt to total equity ratio is bellow 1, its increasing trend over the three years indicate that it will soon reach and even surpass one, a factors that will further expose the organization to sustainability risks. Long-term debt to equity ratio was fair in the year 2010 but also has an

The productions costs of ethanol Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The productions costs of ethanol - Essay Example Ethanol is better known as ethyl alcohol is basically a flammable, volatile and a colorless liquid. The drug is found in alcoholic drinks, people commonly call it alcohol but many of them aren't quite aware that it is called Ethanol. The same is also extensively used in perfumes, medicines and for many other uses. This paper will throw light upon the production cost of Ethanol and how does its production affect corn."In 2003, the U.S. Department of Agriculture surveyed 21 dry-mill ethanol plants to estimate their 2002 production costs, including both variable (feedstock and plant operation) and capital expenses. These plants produced about 550 million gallons of ethanol in 2002. Net feedstock costs for the surveyed plants ranged from 39 to 68 cents per gallon in 2002. For cash operating expenses, the average energy expenditure was 17.29 cents per gallon. Labor costs ranged from 3 to 11 cents per gallon, maintenance costs from 1 to 7 cents, and administrative costs from 1 to 18 cents. For capital expenditures, new plant construction costs from $1.05 to $3.00 per gallon of ethanol." (Ethanol, 16 September 2008).There has been a significant rise in the production of Ethanol over the years, the facts speak for themselves and it is found that only 200 million gallons were produced in the year 1980, on the other hand the year 2004 saw a high increase in this figure, it was found that 200 million of Ethanol was produced during the year, the same also gave rise to the no of Ethanol plants. Way back in 1980s Ethanol was only produced as a fuel meant to extend the supply of gasoline. "In 2004, more than 80 percent of the ethanol produced was used in State oxygen-mandated markets and in a winter-oxygenated program. The rest was used to enhance the octane rating in gasoline throughout the United States. Ethanol production has also been boosted by improved technologies for growing corn, a major input; corn yields increased an average of 40 percent per acre from 1979-81 to 2 002-04." (Ethanol, 16 September 2008). When the operational cost of Ethanol is taken into account, it basically involves two factors, namely capital costs and variable costs. Some of the components which come under variable costs include electricity, water etc. This is called variable cost because it never remains constant, the price keeps varying. As far as the largest operating expenses are concerned, it was found that in the year 2002 on an average 17.29 cents per gallon of ethanol was produced, which is way too high. In the Capital costs segment it was found that "For new plants, construction costs ranged from $1.05 to $3.00 per gallon of ethanol. The average cost of building new plants is lower than in the past, possibly due to designs that exploit economies of scale. Of the 21 plants responding to the survey, 16 increased their capacity in 2002 by a combined 253 million gallons per year. Average investment to expand existing ethanol production capacity was 50 cents per gallon, ranging from 20 cents to $1.00. Hence, expansion tends to cost less than new capacity. (Ethanol, 16 September 2008). Another factor which makes Ethanol expensive is the labor force involved in the production of the same. Not only is the labor force which contributes to the same but there are numerous other factors which contribute in the high price of Ethanol, for instance the water used in the production, the cost of fermentation, electricity used in the whole process and the list does not stop with this, it goes on. "Because the energy content of ethanol is less than that of gasoline, it will cost more to drive the same distance using ethanol fuel than it will using gas, unless the price of ethanol fuel drops significantly." (The Genuine Article, 16 September 2008). Considering the above case it is not unfair to say that the production of Ethanol is very expensive and it is certainly more than it's

Human Activities on Environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Human Activities on Environment - Essay Example they either overestimate the size of earth or the problem of global warming. Increase in the level of CO2 in the air has been scientifically proved. CO2 has already increased up to 380 ppm in the atmosphere and may reach 600 ppm in the next fifty years. Its symptoms have shown up in the melting of glaciers and an overall increase in the temperature of Earth’s atmosphere since the American Civil War. In 2003 alone, 20000 people lost their life as a result of the unexpected heat wave in Europe. Fifty years are not very far meaning what shouldn’t happen is already happening thus coining the term, climate emergency. Global warming has altered our relation with Earth as we have changed the look of the world and made it warmer. Facts presented in this article are all reliable as they are supported with research. With our conscious efforts, we can control global warming like we have controlled CFCs in the past and solved the ozone hole problem. Works Cited: Al Gore. â€Å"The Climate Emergency.† 13 Apr. 2004. Web. 28 Jun. 2011.

Computer Network and Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7000 words

Computer Network and Management - Case Study Example When web cache receives the request, it first examines the cache’s inventory of stored objects to verify the existence of the requested web content. If the desired object is found, web cache determines the ‘freshness’ of the stored object by examining the object’s creation date, storage date, expiration date, and client and server preferences. If the stored object is found to be valid and up-to-date (fresh), then it is retrieved from the cache’s object store and sent as an HTTP response to the client, hence, saving time and bandwidth (Hofmann & Beaumont 2005). In case if the requested web object is not found, then the web cache transforms and forward the client request to the origin server, receives the response from the origin server, and forwards the response to the client. After sending the response to the client, web cache decides whether or not to store a copy of the object into its object store. This decision is based on (i) replacement rules, and (ii) dynamic object rules (Hofmann & Beaumont 2005). Web cache has finite capacity and therefore, once the cache is full, it is important to decide whether or not to store the current web object after removing and replacing some another stored object. There are several ways to select the object to be removed and replaced; some popular strategies listed by Hofmann & Beaumont (2005) are: Web cache uses dynamic object rules to find the approximate future value of the object through examining its characteristics in order to determine whether or not the object is valuable enough to be stored in the object store. Dynamic web content, such as stock quotes, news headlines, and weather reports changes very frequently and therefore, their value is dropped very rapidly. Personal information, such as family pictures, journals, and travel plans has a very low future value as it attracts only a few numbers of clients. Likewise, private

Jaguar Land Rover Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Jaguar Land Rover Management - Essay Example Supply chain is defined as the a system involving the use of information, activities, people, organization and resources that work to ensure that products or services is moved from the supplier to the consumer. They are the link between the supplier and the consumer by ensuring that the supplier gets the goods to the target market and that the consumer can easily access the goods and services they need with ease. With this in mind, supply chain management would therefore refer to all attempts by the management and planning department of an organization to procure, coordinate, and convert and all other management activities that will ensure the success of the supply. It fosters coordination of activities with and across the various sectors of production, transportation, storage and distribution of goods and services. Channel partners may include intermediaries, suppliers, service provider and consumers which form a chain-like link through which the producer and the consumer are connec ted.Supply chain management has continued to be the most convenient way through which organizations can be able to gain knowledge they need in decision making (Wu & Blackhurst, 2009). The decision making process includes all activities which help us make informed choices that will lead to the overall success of the organization. In the automotive sector, there has been consumer demand for better quality product which meets the client needs of security, comfort, class, and has reduced negative effects on the environment

Computer Network and Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7000 words

Computer Network and Management - Case Study Example When web cache receives the request, it first examines the cache’s inventory of stored objects to verify the existence of the requested web content. If the desired object is found, web cache determines the ‘freshness’ of the stored object by examining the object’s creation date, storage date, expiration date, and client and server preferences. If the stored object is found to be valid and up-to-date (fresh), then it is retrieved from the cache’s object store and sent as an HTTP response to the client, hence, saving time and bandwidth (Hofmann & Beaumont 2005). In case if the requested web object is not found, then the web cache transforms and forward the client request to the origin server, receives the response from the origin server, and forwards the response to the client. After sending the response to the client, web cache decides whether or not to store a copy of the object into its object store. This decision is based on (i) replacement rules, and (ii) dynamic object rules (Hofmann & Beaumont 2005). Web cache has finite capacity and therefore, once the cache is full, it is important to decide whether or not to store the current web object after removing and replacing some another stored object. There are several ways to select the object to be removed and replaced; some popular strategies listed by Hofmann & Beaumont (2005) are: Web cache uses dynamic object rules to find the approximate future value of the object through examining its characteristics in order to determine whether or not the object is valuable enough to be stored in the object store. Dynamic web content, such as stock quotes, news headlines, and weather reports changes very frequently and therefore, their value is dropped very rapidly. Personal information, such as family pictures, journals, and travel plans has a very low future value as it attracts only a few numbers of clients. Likewise, private

Choice of Chinese Government on Forest and Resource Essay

Choice of Chinese Government on Forest and Resource - Essay Example Under the Protected Areas, the ecology and biodiversity are to be protected from any form of human interference, thus sustaining such regions as natural conserved regions that represent natural habitat for different kinds of plant and animal species. In his respect, the transnational boundary conservation efforts between China, Nepal, India, and Bhutan have brought a total of 72% forest and mountainous covered region under the designation of the Protected Areas (PAs), offering a natural habitat for plants and animals to the tune of 10,348 km2. In addition, 11% constituting of conservation corridors has also been designated for protection under the PAs, so that the corridors can allow for the continuity and continuity of the natural habitats by connecting the isolated Protected Areas to form one large block of landmass (IUCN, 27). The essence of reconnecting all the protected areas through the conservation corridors is to ensure that habitat shrinkage is eliminated, while at the same time ensuring that the different isolated species of plants and animals in the different regions designated as protected areas can eventually connect and intermingle. This is meant to create a natural habitat for the plant and animal species that is diverse and all-encompassing, as opposed to the formation of separate habitats where each of the habitats carries different species of plants and animals (ITTO, 7). Â  

Better to convince people than to force them Essay Example for Free

Better to convince people than to force them Essay It is better to convince people than to force them: DISAGREE/ Agree I would like to talk to you about today the topic â€Å"convincing people is better forcing them† and I am against this saying no forcing people is better but I also agree and saying that convincing Is better, please don’t get confused because in some cases it is truly better to force people but in some other cases it is better to convince all depending on the situation. There are a few ways to prove this point. One, forcing someone to do something is quicker and more efficient. There is also a term â€Å"fake it till you make it†. Convincing people might make it slower and waste time but in some cases it will be more efficient and thus be less violence. Forcing people can be quicker and more efficient. I believe in some cases being forced to do something is much more effective than convincing since it will be a waste of time. One, Valley and the damn Another example is homework, I know we all hate it but, we have to do it, we are forced to because of teachers and parents even though we don’t want to we are forced to do so but imagine if they tried to convince us but, obviously no one will actually do it in the end, in other words you can say they force us because they want what is best for us. Have you ever heard the term â€Å"Fake it until you make it† before? New school Working out Convincing people does take time but reduces all force or in some cases war or violence. Palestine and Israel war for the past almost 70 years Imagine a world where there were no advertisement and you were forced to eat them than to convince them. Eating products forcefully  Buying forcefully. But this might not always work in some cases like for example in Syria where the war that has been occurring for more than two years and after all the bloodshed and lives lost there is no room for trying to convince someone who has lost everything to the regime to stop fighting. Trying to convince some and to force someone both have their own time and place. To reduce violence Not to waste time in case of emergency

History And The Human Sciences As Systems Of Knowledge :: essays research papers

â€Å"What are the main difficulties human scientists confront when trying to provide explanations of human behaviour? What methods have been invented to circumvent these difficulties and to minimize their influence on the results that are obtained?† Although many people in the field of human sciences try to get their disciplines to be recognized as pure sciences, there are many differences that distinguish the natural sciences from the human sciences. There is a certain kudos that comes with the natural sciences that people in the human sciences crave, but human sciences can never be like the natural sciences. This is what causes there to be difficulties with human scientists trying to explain their science. They lack the definite, and factual ground on which the natural sciences are based. When a natural scientist hypothesises that when he heats some water to 100 degrees, it will boil. And then after an experiment, it is shown that it does, one can not argue that perhaps on another day the water wouldn’t feel like boiling at 100 degrees, or that perhaps it was only boiling at that temperature because there were people watching. Water boiling at 100 degrees is a scientific fact. It will occur every time the experiment is carried out. However, in the field of human sciences, these facts do not exist, and this makes it very difficult for a human scientist to prove any of his theories, or speculate on situations with any authority. The reason for this is that the study of human sciences involves, obviously, human behaviour. Human behaviour does not follow the same patterns that are obs erved with particles of matter, or certain metals, it is almost totally unpredictable. However, the human sciences do use similar methods of attaining knowledge to the natural sciences. The methods by which the human scientist attains knowledge has the same basic principles to that of the natural scientist. They have hypotheses which they test through observing, and analysing their observations. However, in the natural sciences, the observer is quite distinct from the experiment, as an astronomist is distinct from the planets and stars that he is observing. Whereas, in the human sciences, a human is the observer, and humans are the experiment. This complicates things. In every science there are theories. In the natural sciences these theories can be proved true or false, and therefore it can be determined whether these theories have an effect the result of the experiment.

Linux vs Windows TCO :: essays research papers

There has been significant interest in the broader business community regarding the difference in the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) between the Linux and Open Source solutions on one side and Microsoft's proprietary Windows solutions on the other. Microsoft software is licenced to users on a feeforproduct basis, whereas most Linux and open source applications are available free of charge. There are, however, installation and support costs to consider. We will take all such costs into consideration in the models we present. While it is difficult to qualitatively analyse all of the TCO factors at play, it is possible to produce a reasonable firstpass quantitative estimate for the instantiation and operation of a complete computer environment and network infrastructure for a smalltomedium organisation, to illuminate the TCO differences between these two competing platforms. To that end, we have modelled an organisation with 250 computerusing staff, an appropriate number of workstations, servers, Internet connectivity, an ebusiness system, network cabling and hardware, standard software, and salaries for IT professionals to establish and support this infrastructure and technology. We've also added IT training for the staff along with expenditure items for ancillary IT systems and external consulting staff to assist in making it all work. We ran the model with two options: firstly, purchasing brand new hardware and network infrastructure explicitly for establishing this organisation's computer systems; and secondly, using preexisting hardware and infrastructure. We also simulated the IT expenses over a 3 year period, mimicking the operational lifespan of many corporate computer systems, and amortising the purchase and installation costs over that period of time. Throughout this comparison, we will be presenting the raw data as well as the explicative methodologies used in the determination of the overall costs. While we have taken care and effort to present a holistic analysis, we are mindful that no organisation is likely to operate with the exact parameters presented here, and we therefore recommend the use of the document as a guide only. Consider this document as a primer which you can use to generate an enhanced TCO model specifically tailored for your organisation, by removing those line items which don't make sense for your site and adding additional costs which are specific to your organisation. Further, while this document makes express use of technology and services found within the IT industry, it is intended for an audience of nonIT executives within small to medium sized organisations. The final results are summarized in the tables below. One compares the TCO difference between Standard Linux (namely the one that isn't acquired with a prepaid support contract) and Microsoft's platform. The second compares Red Hat's managed Enterprise Linux and Microsoft's platform. Linux vs Windows TCO :: essays research papers There has been significant interest in the broader business community regarding the difference in the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) between the Linux and Open Source solutions on one side and Microsoft's proprietary Windows solutions on the other. Microsoft software is licenced to users on a feeforproduct basis, whereas most Linux and open source applications are available free of charge. There are, however, installation and support costs to consider. We will take all such costs into consideration in the models we present. While it is difficult to qualitatively analyse all of the TCO factors at play, it is possible to produce a reasonable firstpass quantitative estimate for the instantiation and operation of a complete computer environment and network infrastructure for a smalltomedium organisation, to illuminate the TCO differences between these two competing platforms. To that end, we have modelled an organisation with 250 computerusing staff, an appropriate number of workstations, servers, Internet connectivity, an ebusiness system, network cabling and hardware, standard software, and salaries for IT professionals to establish and support this infrastructure and technology. We've also added IT training for the staff along with expenditure items for ancillary IT systems and external consulting staff to assist in making it all work. We ran the model with two options: firstly, purchasing brand new hardware and network infrastructure explicitly for establishing this organisation's computer systems; and secondly, using preexisting hardware and infrastructure. We also simulated the IT expenses over a 3 year period, mimicking the operational lifespan of many corporate computer systems, and amortising the purchase and installation costs over that period of time. Throughout this comparison, we will be presenting the raw data as well as the explicative methodologies used in the determination of the overall costs. While we have taken care and effort to present a holistic analysis, we are mindful that no organisation is likely to operate with the exact parameters presented here, and we therefore recommend the use of the document as a guide only. Consider this document as a primer which you can use to generate an enhanced TCO model specifically tailored for your organisation, by removing those line items which don't make sense for your site and adding additional costs which are specific to your organisation. Further, while this document makes express use of technology and services found within the IT industry, it is intended for an audience of nonIT executives within small to medium sized organisations. The final results are summarized in the tables below. One compares the TCO difference between Standard Linux (namely the one that isn't acquired with a prepaid support contract) and Microsoft's platform. The second compares Red Hat's managed Enterprise Linux and Microsoft's platform.

Voices of Freedom Critique

This selection, Letter by a Female Indentured Servant, really gives you incite as to what life was like in the 1700s as an indentured servant. (Foner, 2011) The reader can really feel the pain she is going through while she was in America trying to pay her dues for passage to what they thought was the promise land. She wanted to ensure her father really knew what kind of horrible life she was living because of the details she included like she was whipped to the degree that she now serves the animals. Apparently, you didn’t speak of the horrible things that would occur as an indentured servant because she writes to her father that she hopes he will pardon the boldness of her complaints and she also hope that he will take pity on her. I feel like she would have been an indentured servant for a very long time because she writes to her father that she is banished forever from his sight and is practically begging for sympathy. Also read this  Critique of Stuff Is Not Salvation However, I am surprised that she was even allowed to write to her family because she describes her life as working very hard almost day and night and often in the horse’s drudgery with the slave masters saying that she doesn’t do half enough work. She also feels that this is the type of work she needs to do for the respect of her father, uncles, aunts, and all friends. On the complete and opposite side of the spectrum, the Letter by a Swiss-German immigrant to Pennsylvania shows that this immigrant was very content with his decision to come to America. Foner, 2011) He now lives in a free country where one can settle anywhere he wants when the land is bought or leased. He thinks a free country is where a person has the right to own property and he focuses on this one freedom and doesn’t even think about the other statues. This immigrant really feels he has in fact found the promise land and that he wants his family to come and join him. In my opinion, I think he c omes from a wealthier family, so maybe he didn’t have to work as an indentured servant because he could just pay for his travel to America. He also states he can buy things like shoes for more reasonably in Pennsylvania than in Germany. These two letters are taken from two very different perspectives and shows you how some people were treated inhumane and some were treated very kindly depending on their social statuses in the 1700s. In the except from The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African, he did not talk about the horrible treatment of a slave like beatings they would receive or how they were not fed but rather how they were ripped away from their family and friends. (Foner, 2011) The author wanted the reader to realize that they were parted from family and friends because of the greed of the white man and that this is the new refinement in cruelty during those times. He made it known that the only positive aspect of being a slave was at least they were able to be with their friends and family, but now the white man had taken that away. He is asking the white men to liv e up to their perceived belief in liberty and that all men are created equal according to their god. He also is asking, why the African people should give up their comfort of being together because the white men want their luxuries. In the excerpt taken from Pontiac, Speeches the author makes it known that the Indians were not backing down from the Englishmen because they were before the Englishmen and their ancestors had passed down the land to them. . (Foner, 2011) The Indians followed the Great Spirit which was like their idea of a god. The Great Spirit had told Neolin that the Indians had forgotten their customs and traditions and now had become more comfortable with the Englishmen which shamed their ancestors. Their god is basically trying to inform the Indians that if they get too close to the enemies then they will take all the land and food that they had worked so hard for and once they eliminated the English then they would be back in good graces with the Great Spirit. The moral of the story is to not let your guard down for a second, or the enemy will consume you and everything you own. From the article Petition of Committee in Behalf of the Freedmen to Andrew Johnson shows the author of the letter is pleading with the President not to take away their land that they worked so hard to keep after they were freed. (Foner, 2011) The freedmen are saying that they were abused and oppressed on the land and now should be allowed to purchase any land. Basically the freedmen now wanted equal rights because every other free person were allowed to purchase a home in their hometown so why shouldn’t the freed slaves be allowed to purchase land also. They felt like President Johnson was not upholding President Lincoln’s proclamation. Even though the freedmen tried so hard President Johnson did not change his policy. A Sharecropping Contract, shows that few former slaves were allowed to acquire land but not without completing hard labor on their part. Foner, 2011) Essentially, the former slaves were still working in the same capacity as they were before except this time they were able to sell some of the crops. They also had to pay for any damages made to the stock and had to supply everything that was needed to harvest the crops. The Freed men were the land owner’s employees instead of slaves. They also had to harvest one half of the crops for the land owner. This contract is very one sided, and I’m not sure that this is any better than being a slave.

Curley’s Wife Om Thesis Paper

What does it mean to be a victim of loneliness? Merriam-Webster defines it as â€Å"being without company; cut off from others†. In the novel Of Mice and Men we see one character experiencing true loneliness, Curley’s wife. Set in the 1930’s, during the Great Depression, on a ranch in California, Of Mice and Men follows the journey of two men. When these two men, George and Lennie, come to work on the ranch, it sends the whole ranch in a new direction. Curley’s wife just hopes that she can find a companion, and who better than new people. But one thing always stands in her way, her loneliness.Curley’s wife is a major victim of loneliness because of her failed dreams, her struggle to be someone’s friend, and her lack of love. Curley’s wife had a big dream all set up in her mind. The only problem is that it never happened. She came so close to coming to her dreams, but then it was all taken away. From a young age, Curley’s wife wa nted to be a famous movie-star. She dreamed of being around all the big directors, and completely changing her life. She had met with a few directors and all said she had that â€Å"twinkle† in her eyes that would win a crowd.She almost had the opportunity to go to Hollywood, she just had to wait for a letter. Unfortunately, that is all she did, wait, and wait, and wait. It never arrived. She went so far as to blame her mother saying she took the letter because she didn’t want her to fulfill her dreams. With all of this said and done, she left her hometown and found the Ranch. This failed dream of being a movie-star made Curley’s wife very depressed and lonely. She married Curley just because she wanted another person to fill the void of her lost dreams. The only problem is that she is very distant from her husband.It sent her deeper into loneliness. Curley’s wife comes off as a tramp and flirtatious to all the men on the ranch. They all tell George and L ennie to stay away from her, that she only causes trouble. But in reality, all she wants is a companion. When talking to Lennie, alone, in the barn on the ranch, Lennie repeats one sentence over and over to Curley’s wife. â€Å"‘George says I ain’t to have nothing to do with you–talk to you or nothing’† (Steinbeck 86). Everyone just seems to be shoving Curley’s wife away. All of these men keep portraying her as a troubled girl, and it makes her relationship with everyone difficult.She just wants someone to be her friend, and without one, she is lonely. Ever since she left Salinas, Curley’s wife has always lacked love. She loved the director that came to visit her and told her he would write to her. But when she never got the letter, it was almost as if she gave up on love. She married Curley, but it wasn’t real love. She married him because she wanted another person in her life. She wanted to be part of something. But she is never with him, and she is never with anyone for that matter. Neither of them try to show love to each other. But Curley’s wife lacked the love she thought she deserved.Katharine Gammon explains the psychology of loneliness and how a lack of love affects us,â€Å"The reasons trace back to humanity's evolutionary history, when people needed each other to stay alive. Loneliness doesn't just make people feel unhappy, it actually makes them feel unsafe — mentally and physically. † Curley’s wife feels not only unhappy, but unsafe. People are portraying her as something she isn’t and she isn’t getting credit for the things she does have/do. They are just making her feel more lonely. Some may believe that Curley’s wife’s actions set her up for her troubles and even her death.They may believe that she was just a tramp and troubled girl who had it coming to her. But while some may believe that, Curley’s wife was indeed a vict im of loneliness because she believed in her dreams, and they were crushed. She wanted to be a person’s â€Å"someone† but she lacked all the love. She is in fact a true victim of loneliness. Steinbeck never gave Curley’s wife a name, and that shows her loneliness. She was in extreme loneliness because of her failed dreams, her struggle to be someone’s friend, and her lack of love. Loneliness is a real feeling, action, and emotion. Curley’s wife had it all.I think Mother Teresa scored it right in the bag when she talked about loneliness. â€Å"Loneliness and the feeling of being unwanted is the most terrible poverty. † Mother Teresa knew what poverty was, and according to this quote, Curley’s wife was in the most terrible poverty. Work Cited Gammon, Katharine. Why Loneliness Can Be Deadly. N. p. , 2 Mar. 2012. Web. 27 Mar. 2013. Merriam-Webster. online ed. 2013. Merriam-Webster. Web. 27 Mar. 2013 Steinbeck, John. Of Mice And Men. New York, New York: Penguin Group, 1937. 86. Print. Quotes, Brainy. BrainyQuotes. N. p. , n. d. Web. 27 Mar. 2013.